The findings of this review demonstrate that corticotropin-releasing factor and glucocorticoids contribute to the realization of the brain-gut interactions and that activation of the HPA system is gastroprotective component of this interaction in stress. Prolongation of the hormonal action may lead to the transformation of gastroprotective hormonal effect to proulcerogenic one. The results suggest that an initial action of endogenous glucocorticoids, including stress- and CRF-produced ones, as well as exogenous glucocorticoids, even used at pharmacological doses, is physiological gastroprotective. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoids are important natural players provided gastroprotection. According to these findings activation of the HPA system is gastroprotective component of the brain-gut axis in stress but not ulcerogenic one as it was generally accepted. We will discuss in our articles how an endocrinological approach to gastroenterological field can advance our understanding of the HPA axis role in regulation of gastric mucosal integrity and uncover new findings. Seventy-one articles were included in the review, the eleventh of them were articles of Filaretova L. We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature using a focused review question. We first outlined main components of the brain-gut axis and then focused on the HPA system as a key hormonal branch of the brain-gut axis in stress.
This review aims to identify the HPA system as a key hormonal branch of the brain-gut axis in stress. The first brilliant demonstration of the brain-gut interactions was the cephalic phase of gastric and pancreatic secretion discovered by Ivan Pavlov, the first physiologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1904. The interaction is mediated by the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. The brain and the gut interact bi-directionally through the brain-gut axis. The analysis provided constitutes a distinctive, radical shift in the way psychology might approach the lives of nonhuman animals, in its own past and present, with far-reaching implications for the future development of psychology. Paying attention to nonhuman others that constitute animal experimentation in psychology, historically, today, and in retellings, is argued to be a vitally important step for psychology today. This original portrait is contrasted with contemporary retellings of those experiments which ignore or are indifferent to the complexities of that relationship. It is unique in applying in particular the work of feminist cultural theorist Donna Haraway, to radically reframe the human–animal relationship at the core of these landmark experiments. This article is the first to apply the conceptual lens of the “animal turn” to Pavlov’s experiments with dogs. The growth of Human–Animal Studies, multi-species, and posthuman scholarship reflects an “animal turn” offering important theoretical, ethical, and methodological challenges to humanities, science, and social science disciplines, though psychology, in particular, has been slow to engage with these developments. It begins with childhood influences, describes his training and mentors, summarizes the major points of his research by reviewing his book Lectures on the Work of the Digestive Glands, and discusses his views on the relationship between physiology and medicine. This paper reviews Pavlov's journey from his birthplace in a provincial village in Russia to Stockholm to receive the Prize. By introducing the chronic method and by showing its experimental advantages, Pavlov founded modern integrative physiology. Pavlov invented this chronic method because of the limitations he perceived in the use of acute anesthetized animals for investigating physiological systems. A major reason for the success and novelty of his research was the use of unanesthetized dogs surgically prepared with chronic fistulas or gastric pouches that permitted repeated experiments in the same animal for months.
The Prize was given in 1904 for his research on the neural control of salivary, gastric, and pancreatic secretion. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was the first physiologist to win the Nobel Prize.